The evolution of modern warfare, from traditional battles to asymmetric and technological conflicts, has presented international humanitarian law with new challenges. Using a descriptive-analytical method and based on international documents and procedures, this study examines the compliance of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s armed forces in regional conflicts with the principles of the Geneva Conventions and customary rules. The study analyzes legal responsibilities, including international state responsibility and individual criminal responsibility, and emphasizes the need to strengthen legal education, establish local monitoring mechanisms, and develop legal diplomacy to reduce vulnerabilities and enhance Iran’s international legitimacy. Preemptive identification of legal threats in emerging areas such as cyberwarfare and psychological operations is also proposed as a key strategy. This study also considers Iran’s lack of membership in some international documents as a challenge to legal compliance and considers strengthening its active presence in legal forums essential. Finally, specialized training of military personnel and development of operational protocols in line with international standards are recommended as practical steps to prevent violations of legal rules.